Experience in Monitoring Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Uptake in the Coastal Sea Zone

B. V. Divinsky*, S. B. Kuklev, V. V. Kremenetsky, A. A. Nedospasov, V. V. Ocherednik, O. N. Kukleva

Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

* e-mail: divin@ocean.ru

Abstract

The study aims to monitor the emissions and uptake of carbon dioxide and water vapour at a specialized carbon polygon near the city of Gelendzhik, Krasnodar Krai. The paper analyses CO₂ and H₂O fluxes along with atmospheric parameters recorded from December 2024 to May 2025 using data from an automatic LI-COR Environmental monitoring station installed 25 m from the shoreline. Gas fluxes were calculated using the eddy covariance method at a frequency of 10 Hz. The main components of the station are atmospheric heat flux sensors, including a photosynthetically active radiation sensor; an ultrasonic anemometer; a gas analyzer; an air temperature and humidity sensor; soil temperature, heat flux and moisture content sensors; and a precipitation gauge. Daytime and nighttime partitioning of the net CO₂ flux into gross primary production and ecosystem respiration was applied. The results of the experiment showed that about 500 g of carbon dioxide per square meter was emitted into the atmosphere from the study area during the specified period. Ecosystem respiration accounted for 1300 g, whereas gross primary production accounted for 800 g. Seasonal dynamics of the exchange were identified: during winter months and in early calendar spring, CO₂ emission into the atmosphere prevails, while from April onward its uptake by the ecosystem is observed. The average CO₂ concentration in the air during the observation period was 423.2 ± 5.2 μmol/mol (with a global average of 420 μmol/mol). Despite the challenging conditions of the station’s location in the coastal zone, the obtained results are physically sound and can be used to estimate greenhouse gas fluxes.

Keywords

carbon polygons, Gelendzhik, carbon dioxide flux, eddy covariance method, Li-Cor

Acknowledgments

The work was performed under state assignment topic no. FMWE-2023-0001 of Institute of Oceanology of RAS and funded by the Andrey Melnichenko Foundation.

About the authors

Boris V. Divinsky, Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Geology and Lithodynamics, Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences (36, Nakhimov Ave., Moscow, 117997, Russia), PhD (Geogr.), ORCID: 0000-0002-2452-1922, ResearcherID: C-7262-2014, divin@ocean.ru

Sergey B. Kuklev, Head of the Laboratory of Hydrophysics and Modeling, Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences (36, Nakhimov Ave., Moscow, 117997, Russia), PhD (Geogr.), ORCID: 0000-0003-4494-9878, ResearcherID: G-5656-2017, kuklev@ocean.ru

Vyacheslav V. Kremenetsky, Deputy Director for Physical Direction, Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences (36 Nakhimov Ave., Moscow, 117997, Russia), PhD (Geogr.), sk@ocean.ru

Andrey A. Nedospasov, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Experimental Ocean Physics, Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences (36, Nakhimov Ave., Moscow, 117997, Russia), nedospasov.aa@ocean.ru

Vladimir V. Ocherednik, Researcher, Laboratory of Hydrophysics and Modeling, Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences (36 Nakhimov Ave., Moscow, 117997, Russia), ORCID: 0000-0002-3593-7114, ResearcherID: G-2850-2017, poekperementarium@gmail.com

Olga N. Kukleva, Researcher, Laboratory of Hydrophysics and Modeling, Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences (36, Nakhimov Ave., Moscow, 117997, Russia), ResearcherID: J-7126-2018, kukleva-ola@mail.ru

For citation

Divinsky, B.V., Kuklev, S.B., Kremenetsky, V.V., Nedospasov, A.A., Ocherednik, V.V. and Kukleva, O.N., 2026. Experience in Monitoring Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Uptake in the Coastal Sea Zone. Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones of Sea, (1), pp. 6–26.

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