Quantitative Distribution of the Potentially Toxic Diatom Halamphora coffeiformis (C. Agardh) Levkov 2009 in the Microphytobenthos of the Crimean Coastal Waters

D. S. Balycheva

A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Sevastopol, Russia

e-mail: dashik8@gmail.com

Abstract

Halamphora coffeiformis is a widespread benthic diatom. Despite being mentioned in the literature as a potential producer of the toxic domoic acid, it is of biotechnological interest, since it contains triacylglycerides, polyunsaturated fatty acids, pigments, vitamins and others. This work aims to summarize original data on the occurrence, quantitative distribution and habitat conditions of H. coffeiformis in the coastal waters of Crimea to assess the prospects for its isolation into a pure culture and evaluate its biotechnological potential. According to long-term monitoring (2011–2023) of the microphytobenthos in the Crimean coastal zone, the diatom was found in 16 areas of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. It was recorded at depths from 0 to 38 m, within a temperature range of 3–36°C, salinity of 14–126 g·L⁻¹, and occurred year-round. On hard substrates and macrophytes, the species abundance (N) ranged from 100 to 24·10³ cells·cm⁻², and the biomass (B) varied from 0.00001 to 0.02292 mg·cm⁻². In sediments, N varied from 100 to 253.6·10³ cells·cm⁻³, and B was from 0.0004 to 0.6612 mg·cm⁻³. The maximum abundance and biomass on hard substrates and macrophytes (N = 5.5·10³ cells·cm⁻², B = 0.0196 mg·cm⁻²) were recorded in 2011 on the shells of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis near the village of Katsiveli at a depth of 4 m and a temperature of 24°C. In sediments, the maximum values (N = 253.6·10³ cells·cm⁻³, B = 0.66116 mg·cm⁻³) were observed in November 2018 in Sivash Bay of the Sea of Azov at a depth of 0.2–0.6 m, temperature of 10–14°C and water salinity of 100 g·L⁻¹. The integration and analysis of long-term data on the occurrence of H. coffeiformis in the Crimean coastal zone showed its wide distribution and tolerance to a broad range of temperatures and salinity. This confirms the species potential for biotechnological application and the need for further toxicological and genetic studies. The species can be recommended for isolation into a pure culture for subsequent genetic analysis and study of its biochemical, toxicological and ecological properties.

Keywords

diatoms, Halamphora coffeiformis, Sea of Azov, Black Sea, Crimean coastal waters, algae bloom, microphytobenthos, biotechnological potential

Acknowledgments

I express my gratitude to Dr. L. I. Ryabushko for her valuable comments and editing of the manuscript. This work was carried out within the framework of IBSS state research assignment no. 124022400152-1. Data on hypersaline water bodies of Lake Chersonesskoye and Sivash Bay were obtained with the support of the Russian Science Foundation (grant no. 18-16-00001).

For citation

Balycheva, D.S., 2025. Quantitative Distribution of the Potentially Toxic Diatom Halamphora coffeiformis (C. Agardh) Levkov 2009 in the Microphytobenthos of the Crimean Coastal Waters. Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones of Sea, (4), pp. 117–132.

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