Trace Elements in the Components of the Aquatic Ecosystem of the North Crimean Canal and Irrigated Farmland

V. Yu. Proskurnin, N. Yu. Mirzoeva, O. D. Chuzhikova*, M. O. Vakhrushev

A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Sevastopol, Russia

* e-mail: olga88.chp@ya.ru

Abstract

For 2022–2023, the concentrations of trace elements (Be, V, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Cd, Sb, Tl, Pb, Ag) were determined in the aquatic ecosystem of the North Crimean Canal, adjacent irrigated soils and cultivated irrigated agricultural crops. The content of all studied elements was determined in their acidic concentrates and mineralizates in accordance with State Standard of Russia 56219-2014 by mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma on a PlasmaQuant MS Elite mass spectrometer (AnalytikJena, Germany) on the basis of the collective use center “Spectrometry and Chromatography”, A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS. The concentrations of heavy metals and trace elements in the aquatic ecosystem of the North Crimean Canal allowed safe use of the Dnieper water both for drinking and for other economic needs of Crimea. The maximum relative increase in the heavy metals pool due to irrigation of fields with the Dnieper water was for Mo (up to 0.1 %), Zn, Sb and Pb (no more than 0.04 %), which cannot affect the ecological state of the irrigated lands. In soils, a systematic excess of the maximum permissible concentrations was observed for Cd (up to 230 %) both in rice and wheat fields as well as in virgin lands. In rice and wheat crops, the maximum permissible levels for grain and grain fodder for Fe, Ni, Cd, As were exceeded. In the wheat ear, maximum permissible levels were exceeded for Fe (by 24 %), Ni (by 110 %) and As (by 70 %). Maximum permissible concentrations in rice grain were exceeded for Cu (by 29 %), Cd (by 150 %) and Pb (by 438 %), and in wheat grain – for Cd (by 360 %) and Pb (by 300 %). It was revealed that insignificant amounts of trace elements brought with the Dnieper water through the North Crimean Canal cannot have a noticeable effect on the irrigated farmland of Crimea. The detected excesses of maximum permissible concentrations and maximum permissible levels of trace elements in soils and agricultural crops are probably due to the activities of industrial enterprises in the north of the peninsula.

Keywords

North Crimean Canal, heavy metals in soil, heavy metals in plants, heavy metals in water, irrigated soils, agricultural plants, heavy metal pollution

Acknowledgments

The work was carried out within the framework of the Russian Science Foundation Grant, Project No. 23-26-00128: “The role of the North Crimean Canal irrigation system in the processes of transfer of long-lived radionuclides of Chernobyl origin, heavy metals, as well as hydrocarbons with Dnieper water to irrigated farmland of the Crimea”.

For citation

Proskurnin, V.Yu., Mirzoeva, N.Yu., Chuzhikova, O.D. and Vakhrushev, M.O., 2024. Trace Elements in the Components of the Aquatic Ecosystem of the North Crimean Canal and Irrigated Farmland. Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones of Sea, (3), pp. 123–138.

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