Testing of a Piled (Permeable) Breakwater Made of Composite Material for Coastal Protection. Part 1: Installation Conditions and Stability Assessment

D. I. Dikii1,*, V. I. Efremov2, B. V. Chubarenko1, D. A. Domnin1, R. B. Zakirov1, E. M. Burnashov3, K. V. Karmanov4, O. V. Bass5

1 Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

2 LLC Trading House Basalt Pipes, Moscow, Russia

3 GBU KO Baltberegozashhita, Svetlogorsk, Kaliningrad Oblast, Russia

4 Kaliningrad State Technical University, Kaliningrad, Russia

5 Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia

* e-mail: dimandikiy@mail.ru

Abstract

The article discusses the results of an experiment (03 October 2021–30 April 2023) to test a “Grebenka” breakwater (breakwater of a through structure, or wave-breaking piled wall) made of composite material. The purpose of the study is to prove or disprove the hypothesis that the structures under study are sufficiently resistant to natural effects of the marine environment and can be considered as an alternative to existing coastal protection methods and means. The test breakwater in the form of five 12-meter modules, four of which were arranged in a line, was installed on the northern shore of the Sambia Peninsula (Baltic Sea, Kaliningrad Oblast’). The state of the breakwater was registered by various methods, including underwater and aerial photography. The results of the study showed that the installation of modules on the unprepared bottom caused their shear and tilt as a result of wave action. In order to improve the resistance of the “Grebenka” breakwater to such impact, it is necessary to prepare the bottom by flushing out the sand cover up to the consolidated layer level. Despite the fact that one of the breakwater modules split into two parts following the longitudinal fracture of its base (due to a violation of installation technology), all vertical pipepiles forming the wave-dampening pile rows with cantilevered sealing at the base and free upper ends did not break off or corrode. This indicates that the composite material is strong enough for use in marine conditions with wave and ice loads. Algae biofouling has demonstrated the friendliness of the composite material to the biota.

Keywords

breakwater, coastal protection, composite material, Baltic Sea, natural experiment

Acknowledgments

Production and installation of the construction were funded by LLC Trading House Basalt Pipes (Moscow). The publication was prepared under topic no. FMWE-2024-0025 of the state assignment of Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences.

For citation

Dikii, D.I., Efremov, V.I., Chubarenko, B.V., Domnin, D.A., Zakirov, R.B., Burnashov, E.M., Karmanov, K.V. and Bass, O.V., 2024. Testing of a Piled (Permeable) Breakwater Made of Composite Material for Coastal Protection. Part 1: Installation Conditions and Stability Assessment. Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones of Sea, (3), pp. 79–92.

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