Organochlorine Xenobiotics in the Salgir River Ecosystem: Content, Distribution, Ecological Risk

L. V. Malakhova1,2,*, E. P. Karpova1,2, R. E. Belogurova1,2, V. V. Gubanov2, G. A. Prokopov1,3, I. I. Chesnokova1,2, S. V. Kurshakov1,2, S. V. Statkevich1,2, D. G. Shavriev2, S. V. Ovechko1

1 Research Center for Freshwater and Brackish Water Hydrobiology, Kherson, Russia

2 A.O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of RAS, Sevastopol, Russia

3 V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia

* e-mail: malakh2003@list.ru

Abstract

The content and distribution of organochlorine pesticides of the DDT group and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in water, amphipods, fish and sediments of the Salgir River, as well as in bottom sediments of the Biyuk-Karasu River, were determined. Samples were collected in May and July 2023. An analysis of organochlorine xenobiotics was performed using a GC Сhromateс-Crystal 5000 (Russia), equipped with an electron capture microdetector. The ∑DDT concentration in water ranged from 0.53 in the area of the village of Dobroye up to 14.91 ng/L in the village of Molochnoye, whereas ∑6PCB changed from 0.50 to 37.87 ng/L, respectively. The lowest ∑DDT content (9.06 ng/g) in sediments was detected in the village of Dobroye, the highest one was registered in the village of Molochnoye (71.69 ng/g). The minimum ∑6PCB concentration (3.41 ng/g) was determined in the area of the village of Beloglinka, the maximum one was in the village of Molochnoye (61.88 ng/g). The pollutants distribution in water and bottom sediments indicates the presence of local DDTs and PCBs sources along the river between the villages of Beloglinka and Molochnoye. The lowest pollutants concentrations in hydrobionts were determined in muscles of schneider caught near the village of Dobroye. The highest ones were registered in the spined loaches caught near the village of Novogrigoryevka and in the bleak caught near the village of Molochnoye. In these fish, the maximum permissible concentration ∑DDT (300 ng/g wet weight) was exceeded. The obtained results were compared with water and sediments pollution in other Crimean, European and Asian rivers. An environmental risk assessment showed that pollution levels are not of concern in the area above Simferopol. In other sampling sites, high environmental risk was noted. The results showed that the environmental risk of PCBs pollution near the village of Molochnoye was higher than that of DDTs pollution.

Keywords

DDT, PCBs, water, bottom sediments, hydrobionts, environmental risk, Salgir River

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the state contracts with the RC FBH “Study of peculiarities structure and dynamics of freshwater ecosystems of the Northern Black Sea coast” (no. 123101900019-5) and partially within the state contracts of IBSS of RAS “Molismological and biogeochemical foundations of homeostasis of marine ecosystems” (no. 121031500515-8), “Regularities of formation and anthropogenic transformation of biodiversity and bioresources of the Azov-Black Sea basin and other areas of the World Ocean” (no. 121030100028-0) and “Fundamental studies of population biology of marine animals, their morphological and genetic diversity” (no. 121040500247-0).

For citation

Malakhova, L.V., Karpova, E.P., Belogurova, R.E., Gubanov, V.V., Prokopov, G.A., Chesnokova, I.I., Kurshakov, S.V., Statkevich, S.V., Shavriev, D.G. and Ovechko, S.V., 2023. Organochlorine Xenobiotics in the Salgir River Ecosystem: Content, Distribution, Ecological Risk. Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones of Sea, (4), pp. 116–133.

References

  1. Galiulin, R.V., Galiulina, R.A., Khorobrykh, R.R. and Bashkin, V.N., 2019. Risk of Modern Contamination of River Waters by Pesticide DDT and HCH. Issues of Risk Analysis, 16(5), pp. 62–69. doi:10.32686/1812-5220-2019-16-5-62-69 (in Russian).
  2. Fedorov, L.A. and Yablokov, A.V., 1999. Pesticides – the chemical weapon that kills life (the USSRs tragic experience). Moscow: Nauka, 462 p. (in Russian).
  3. Peivasteh-Roudsari, L., Barzegar-Bafrouei, R., Sharifi, K.A., Azimisalim, S., Karami, M., Abedinzadeh, S., Asadinezhad, S., Tajdar-Oranj, B., Mahdavi, V. et al., 2023. Origin, Dietary Exposure, and Toxicity of Endocrine-Disrupting Food Chemical Contaminants: A Comprehensive Review. Heliyon, 9(7), e18140. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18140
  4. Vasseghian, Y., Hosseinzadeh, S., Khataee, A. and Dragoi, E-N., 2021. The Concentration of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Water Resources: A Global Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Probabilistic Risk Assessment. Science of the Total Environment, 796, 149000 doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149000
  5. De Rosa, E., Montuori, P., Triassi, M., Masucci, A. and Nardone, A., 2022. Occurrence and Distribution of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) from Sele River, Southern Italy: Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Organochlorine Pesticides in a Water– Sediment System. Toxics, 10(11), 662. doi:10.3390/toxics10110662
  6. Malakhova, L.V., Lobko, V.V., Malakhova, T.V. and Murashova, A.I., 2022. Comparative Assessement of Organochlorine Pollution of Bottom Sediments in Different Types of Water Bodies in the Sevastopol Region (Crimea). Chemistry for Sustainable Development, 30(2), pp. 169–181. doi:10.15372/CSD2022371
  7. Malakhova, L., Giragosov, V., Khanaychenko, A., Malakhova, T., Egorov, V. and Smirnov, D., 2014. Partitioning and Level of Organochlorine Compounds in the Tissues of the Black Sea Turbot at the South-Western Shelf of Crimea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 14(5), pp. 993–1000. doi:10.4194/1303-2712-v14_4_19
  8. Babkina, E.I. and Bobovnikova, Ts.I., 1978. [On Quantitative Extraction of Organochlorine Pesticides and Polychlorinated Biphenyls from Organs and Tissues of Fish]. Gidrobiologichesky Zhurnal, 14(3), pp. 103–105 (in Russian).
  9. Lin, X., Xu, J., Keller, A.A., He, L., Gu, Y., Zheng, W., Sun, D., Lu, Z., Huang, J., et al., 2022. Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Emerging Contaminants in a Water Reclamation and Ecological Reuse Project. Science of The Total Environment, 744, 140977. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140977
  10. Yaglova, N.V. and Yaglov, V.V., 2012. Endocrine Disruptors are a Novel Direction of Endocrinologic Scientific Investigation. Annals of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, (3), pp. 56–61. doi:10.15690/vramn.v67i3.186 (in Russian).
  11. Dubrovin, I.R. and Dubrovin, E.R., 2017. To a Question about Ecological Safety of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. Technico-Tehnologicheskie Problemy Servisa, (4), pp. 24–28 (in Russian).
  12. Malakhova, L.V., Lobko, V.V., 2022. Assessment of Pollution of the Yalta Bay Ecosystem Components with Organochlorine Xenobiotics. Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones of Sea, (3), pp. 104–116. doi:10.22449/2413-5577-2022-3-104-116
  13. Mandavilli, A., 2006. Health Agency Backs Use of DDT Against Malaria. Nature, 443, pp. 250–251. doi:10.1038/443250b
  14. Ranson, H., N’Guessan, R., Lines, J., Moiroux, N., Nkuni, Z. and Corbel, V., 2011. Pyrethroid Resistance in African Anopheline Mosquitoes: What are the Implications for Malaria Control? Trends in Parasitology, 27(2), pp. 91–98. doi:10.1016/j.pt.2010.08.004
  15. Zelníčková, L., Svobodová, Z., Maršálek, P. and Dobšíková, R., 2015. Persistent Organic Pollutants in Muscle of Fish Collected from the Nové Mlýny Reservoir in Southern Moravia, Czech Republic. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187(7), pp. 448. doi:10.1007/s10661-015-4460-3
  16. Dragan, D., Cucu-Man, S., Dirtu, A.C., Mocanu, R., Van Vaeck, L. and Covaci, A., 2006. Occurrence of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in soils and sediments from Eastern Romania. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 86, pp. 833–842. doi:10.1080/03067310600665571
  17. Montuori, P., De Rosa, E., Sarnacchiaro, P., Di Duca, F., Provvisiero, D.P., Nardone, A. and Triassi, M., 2020. Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Organochlorine Pesticides in Water and Sediment from Volturno River, Southern Italy: Occurrence, Distribution and Risk Assessment. Environmental Sciences Europe, 32, pp. 1–22. doi:10.1186/s12302-020-00408-4
  18. Eremina, N., Paschke, A., Mazlova, E.A. and Schüürmann, G., 2016. Distribution of Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Phthalic Acid Esters, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Organochlorine Substances in the Moscow River, Russia. Environmental Pollution, 210, pp. 409–418. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2015.11.034
  19. Kumar, B., Singh, S.K., Mishra, M., Kumar, S. and Sharma, C.S., 2012. Assessment of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Organochlorine Pesticides in Water Samples from the Yamuna River. Journal of Xenobiotics, 2(1), e6. doi:10.4081/xeno.2012.e6
  20. Kumar, B., Verma, V.K., Mishra, M., Piyush, Kakkar, V,m Tiwari, A., Kumar, S., Yadav, V.P. and Gargava, P., 2021. Assessment of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Soil and Sediments from an Urbanized Flood Plain Area. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 43(9), pp. 3375–3392. doi:10.1007/s10653-021-00839-9
  21. Barhoumi, B., Beldean-Galea, M.S., Al-Rawabdeh, A.M., Roba, C., Martonos, I.M., Bălc, R., Kahlaoui, M., Touil, S., Tedetti, M. et al., 2019. Occurrence, Distribution and Ecological risk of Trace Metals and Organic Pollutants in Surface Sediments from a Southeastern European River (Someşu Mic River, Romania). Science of the Total Environment, 660, pp. 660–676. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.428
  22. Polikarpov, G.G. and Egorov, V.N., 1986. Marine Dynamic Radiochemoecology. Moscow: Energoatomizdat, 174 p. (in Russian).

Full text

English version (PDF)

Russian version (PDF)