New and Rare Fish Species off the Northern Shore of the Black Sea and Anthropogenic Factors Affecting their Penetration and Naturalization (Review)

G. E. Gus'kov1,*, N. A. Zherdev2, D. A. Bukhmin1

1 Southern Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

2 Azov-Black Sea Branch of “VNIIRO” (“AzNIIRKH”), Rostov-on-Don, Russia

* e-mail: gleb_guskov@mail.ru

Abstract

Currently, according to various sources, the ichthyofauna of the Black Sea includes up to 260 species and subspecies of fish. From 1999 to 2014, twenty-five new representatives of ichthyofauna were discovered in the Black Sea, which is about 10 % of the total number. Over the last twenty years alone, the number of benthic organisms that are the main food of bottom and near-bottom fish has increased by 29 species, which is almost half of all benthic animals newly discovered over a hundred years of observations. A whole range of various factors is responsible for the penetration of Mediterranean species with subsequent naturalization in the Black Sea. These include not only a dramatic change in climate, but also a change in the natural coast landscape associated with economic activities. Goods exchange between countries has been increasing lately, most of the goods are transported by sea, which in turn intensifies shipping, and this increases the risk of invaders with ship ballast water. Meanwhile, due to economic activities in the coastal zone, new habitat conditions and other ecological systems are forming attracting representatives of alien species. The paper analyzes the literature data on new and rare species of ichthyofauna in the Black Sea over the past 20 years. At the moment, according to generalized data, there are 30 new and rare species and subspecies of fish at the northern shores of the Black Sea alone. Since 2014, Seriola dumerili, Lithognathus mormyrus, Dentex dentex, Gobius couchi, Lagocephalus sceleratus, Acanthurus monroviae have been found in different parts of the northern part of the sea. The paper also considers possible consequences of construction of the Istanbul shipping canal (a back-up route for the Bosphorus Strait), which is planned to link the Marmara and Black Seas. After the implementation of this project, the risk of invasion of new alien species into the Azov-Black Sea basin will increase.

Keywords

Black Sea, anthropogenic factor, new species, ichthyofauna, invasive species.

Acknowledgments

The publication was prepared under state assignment (00-22-09, state registration no. 122020100328-1) of SSC RAS on the topic “Assessment of the current state, analysis of the processes of formation of aquatic bioresources of the southern seas of Russia under anthropogenic stress and development of scientific foundations for the technology of restoration of ichthyofauna, conservation and restoration of economically valuable fish species”.

For citation

Gus'kov, G.E., Zherdev, N.A. and Bukhmin, D.A.,2022. New and Rare Fish Species off the Northern Shore of the Black Sea and Anthropogenic Factors Affecting their Penetration and Naturalization (review). Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones of Sea, (1), pp. 66–81. doi:10.22449/2413-5577-2022-1-66-81

DOI

10.22449/2413-5577-2022-1-66-81

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