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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones of Sea</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones of Sea</journal-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Экологическая безопасность прибрежной и шельфовой зон моря</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="print">2413-5577</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">20260206</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="edn">EUXOMX</article-id>
      
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
          <subject>Научная статья</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="article-type">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>

      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Microplastics in the Lower Volga–Northern Caspian System: Spatial Distribution in the Water Mixing Zone and Sources of Input</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Микропластик в системе Нижняя Волга – Северный Каспий: пространственное распределение в зоне смешения вод и источники поступления</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>

      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Antsiferova</surname>
              <given-names>M. A.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Анциферова</surname>
              <given-names>М. А.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>m12antsiferova@mail.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Kleshchenkov</surname>
              <given-names>A. V.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Клещенков</surname>
              <given-names>А. В.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>kle-aleksej@yandex.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Korshun</surname>
              <given-names>A. M.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Коршун</surname>
              <given-names>А. М.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>a_korshyn@mail.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>

      <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
        <aff xml:lang="en">
          <institution>Federal Research Centre the Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>
          <addr-line>Rostov-on-Don</addr-line>
          <country>Russia</country>
        </aff>
        <aff xml:lang="ru">
          <institution>Федеральный исследовательский центр Южный научный центр Российской академии наук</institution>
          <addr-line>Ростов-на-Дону</addr-line>
          <country>Россия</country>
        </aff>
      </aff-alternatives>

      <pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-30" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>93</fpage>
      <lpage>109</lpage>

      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-02-04">
          <day>04</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2026-03-09">
          <day>09</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-03-19">
          <day>19</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
      </history>

      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Antsiferova M.A., Kleshchenkov A.V., Korshun A.M.</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Анциферова М.А., Клещенков А.В., Коршун А.М.</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Antsiferova M.A., Kleshchenkov A.V., Korshun A.M.</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Анциферова М.А., Клещенков А.В., Коршун А.М.</copyright-holder>
        <ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/>
        <license>
          <ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://ecological-safety.ru/repository/issues/2026/02/06/" xlink:title="Страница статьи">https://ecological-safety.ru/repository/issues/2026/02/06/</self-uri>
      
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>The influence of hydrological and hydrochemical conditions on the spatial distribution of microplastics in estuarine zones has been poorly studied. The aim of the work is to assess its spatial distribution, quantitative and qualitative characteristics in the Lower Volga–Northern Caspian system. The material was obtained during an expedition cruise on the R/V Deneb in September 2023. Samples were collected by trawling with a neuston net (mesh size 0.3 mm) in the surface horizon (0–0.2 m), followed by processing according to a modified NOAA method and direct visual sorting under a microscope. Polymer identification was performed using Raman and FTIR spectroscopy with calculation of the PHI hazard index. In parallel, hydrochemical, hydrological and meteorological environmental parameters were measured, in particular the ionic composition. In the Lower Volga, the average particle concentration was 81 items/m³, with peak values of 100 items/m³ (after rainfall in Kalmykia), as well as 92 items/m³ near Volgograd and 98 items/m³ near Astrakhan, indicating anthropogenic runoff as the main source. In the Northern Caspian, particle concentrations are significantly lower (from 3 to 44 items/m³, average 13 items/m³) with a pronounced downward gradient from the estuary. Small microplastics (0.3–2 mm) predominate in the form of fibers and fragments, mainly composed of polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate and polyamide, which are classified as hazard class II according to the PHI index. The spatial distribution of particles correlates with the dynamics of salinity, ionic composition (decrease in Ca2+/Cl– and HCO3–/Cl– ratios by 20 and 80 times), turbulent mixing after a storm and rainfall. In the estuarine zone, dilution of river water by seawater leads to a significant decrease in the number of particles: from 98 to 44 items/m³, and then to 13 items/m³. The main source of microplastics is the anthropogenic runoff of the Volga, including diffuse washout from urbanized areas. The uniqueness of the Caspian Sea as a closed water body with powerful river runoff determines relatively elevated concentrations of microplastics compared to open seas. The obtained data substantiate the need to control surface runoff and monitor estuarine geochemical barriers.</p>
      </abstract>
      
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Влияние гидрологических и гидрохимических условий на пространственное распределение микропластика в эстуарных зонах изучено слабо. Цель работы – оценка его пространственного распределения, количественных и качественных характеристик в системе Нижняя Волга – Северный Каспий. Материал получен в ходе экспедиционного рейса на НИС «Денеб» в сентябре 2023 г., пробы отбирали тралением нейстенной сети (ячея 0.3 мм) в поверхностном горизонте (0–0.2 м) с последующей обработкой по модифицированной методике NOAA и прямой визуальной сортировкой под микроскопом. Идентификация полимеров выполнена методами рамановской и ИК-Фурье-спектроскопии с расчетом индекса опасности PHI. Параллельно измеряли гидрохимические, гидрологические и метеорологические параметры среды, в частности ионный состав. В Нижней Волге среднее содержание частиц составило 81 шт/м3, пиковые значения – 100 шт/м3 (после ливня в Калмыкии), а также 92 шт/м3 у Волгограда и 98 шт/м3 у Астрахани, что указывает на антропогенный сток как основной источник. В Северном Каспии концентрации частиц существенно ниже (от 3 до 44 шт/м3, среднее 13 шт/м3) с выраженным нисходящим градиентом от устья. Преобладает мелкий микропластик (0.3–2 мм) в виде волокон и фрагментов, преимущественно из полиэтилена, полиэтилентерефталата и полиамида, которые отнесены ко 2-му классу опасности согласно индексу PHI. Пространственное распределение частиц коррелирует с динамикой солености, ионного состава (снижение коэффициентов Ca2+/Cl– и HCO3–/Cl– в 20 и 80 раз), турбулентным перемешиванием после шторма и ливневыми осадками. В эстуарной зоне разбавление речных вод морскими приводит к значительному снижению количества частиц: с 98 до 44 шт/м3, а затем до 13 шт/м3. Основной источник микропластика – антропогенный сток Волги, включая диффузный смыв с урбанизированных территорий. Уникальность Каспия как замкнутого водоема с мощным речным стоком обусловливает относительно повышенные концентрации микропластика по сравнению с открытыми морями. Полученные данные обосновывают необходимость контроля поверхностного стока и мониторинга эстуарных геохимических барьеров.</p>
      </trans-abstract>

      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>microplastics</kwd>
        <kwd>Northern Caspian Sea</kwd>
        <kwd>Lower Volga</kwd>
        <kwd>mixing zone</kwd>
        <kwd>ionic composition</kwd>
        <kwd>anthropogenic pollution</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <kwd>микропластик</kwd>
        <kwd>Северный Каспий</kwd>
        <kwd>Нижняя Волга</kwd>
        <kwd>зона смешения</kwd>
        <kwd>ионный состав</kwd>
        <kwd>антропогенное загрязнение</kwd>
      </kwd-group>

      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was prepared under state assignment of SSC RAS no. 125012100503-4. The work was performed using equipment of the Shared Research Facility of SSC RAS, no. 501994.</funding-statement>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ЮНЦ РАН № 125012100503-4 с использованием оборудования ЦКП ЮНЦ РАН № 501994.</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>

  <body>
    <p>Текст статьи не включен.</p>
  </body>

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