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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones of Sea</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones of Sea</journal-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Экологическая безопасность прибрежной и шельфовой зон моря</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="print">2413-5577</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">20250202</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="edn">SUIYJB</article-id>
      
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
          <subject>Научная статья</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="article-type">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>

      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">The Main Patterns of the Black Sea Ecosystem Long-Term Changes</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Основные закономерности многолетних изменений экосистемы Черного моря</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>

      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Melnikov</surname>
              <given-names>V. V.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Мельников</surname>
              <given-names>В. В.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>sevlin@ibss-ras.su</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Serebrennikov</surname>
              <given-names>A. N.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Серебренников</surname>
              <given-names>А. Н.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>swsilv@gmail.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Masevich</surname>
              <given-names>A. V.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Масевич</surname>
              <given-names>А. В.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>anna_vidnichuk@mhi-ras.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Chudinovskikh</surname>
              <given-names>E. S.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Чудиновских</surname>
              <given-names>Е. С.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>chudhel@yandex.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>

      <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
        <aff xml:lang="en">
          <institution>A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Biology of the Southern Seas of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution>
          <addr-line>Sevastopol</addr-line>
          <country>Russia</country>
        </aff>
        <aff xml:lang="ru">
          <institution>Институт биологии южных морей имени А. О. Ковалевского РАН</institution>
          <addr-line>Севастополь</addr-line>
          <country>Россия</country>
        </aff>
      </aff-alternatives>

      <aff-alternatives id="aff2">
        <aff xml:lang="en">
          <institution>Institute of Natural and Technical Systems</institution>
          <addr-line>Sevastopol</addr-line>
          <country>Russia</country>
        </aff>
        <aff xml:lang="ru">
          <institution>Институт природно-технических систем</institution>
          <addr-line>Севастополь</addr-line>
          <country>Россия</country>
        </aff>
      </aff-alternatives>

      <aff-alternatives id="aff3">
        <aff xml:lang="en">
          <institution>Marine Hydrophysical Institute of RAS</institution>
          <addr-line>Sevastopol</addr-line>
          <country>Russia</country>
        </aff>
        <aff xml:lang="ru">
          <institution>Морской гидрофизический институт РАН</institution>
          <addr-line>Севастополь</addr-line>
          <country>Россия</country>
        </aff>
      </aff-alternatives>

      <pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-30" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>19</fpage>
      <lpage>35</lpage>

      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-08-29">
          <day>29</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2025-03-05">
          <day>05</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-03-25">
          <day>25</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>

      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Melnikov V.V., Serebrennikov A.N., Masevich A.V., Chudinovskikh E.S.</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Мельников В.В., Серебренников А.Н., Масевич А.В., Чудиновских Е.С.</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Melnikov V.V., Serebrennikov A.N., Masevich A.V., Chudinovskikh E.S.</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мельников В.В., Серебренников А.Н., Масевич А.В., Чудиновских Е.С.</copyright-holder>
        <ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/>
        <license>
          <ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://ecological-safety.ru/repository/issues/2025/02/02/" xlink:title="Страница статьи">https://ecological-safety.ru/repository/issues/2025/02/02/</self-uri>
      
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>This study examines long-term changes in the Black Sea ecosystem, including the warming of its waters amid anthropogenic pollution and eutrophication. The aim of the study is to describe structural shifts in water masses and biotopes, as well as to assess alterations in key ecosystem components. Through the analysis of multi-year hydrological datasets, mathematical modelling, and hydrobiological studies, it has been demonstrated that a comprehensive understanding of the Black Sea's ecosystem changes requires consideration not only of climate warming, anthropogenic pollution, and eutrophication but also of chorological changes in water mass structure and associated biotopes. Ongoing deoxygenation is reducing the habitat layer for cold-water species, while warming has already caused the disappearance of the cold intermediate layer -- with which these species are associated -- dissolving it into surrounding waters at temperatures around 9 °C. Further warming of surface waters may lead to the degradation of cold-water species assemblages that form the trophic foundation of the Black Sea's current ecosystem. A significant transformation is expected due to the increasing dominance of warm-water and eurythermic species.</p>
      </abstract>
      
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Анализируются многолетние изменения экосистемы Черного моря, выражающиеся, кроме прочего, в потеплении вод на фоне антропогенного загрязнения и эвтрофикации. Цель работы заключается в описании структурных изменений водных масс, биотопов, а также в оценке изменений ключевых компонентов экосистемы. На основе анализа многолетних массивов данных о гидрологии, математического моделирования и гидробиологических исследований показано, что для полного понимания изменений экосистемы Черного моря необходимо учитывать не только потепление климата, антропогенное загрязнение и эвтрофикацию, но и хорические изменения структуры водных масс и связанных с ними биотопов. Продолжающаяся деоксигенация сокращает слой обитания холодноводных видов, а потепление уже привело к тому, что холодный промежуточный слой, с которым эти виды ассоциированы, исчез и растворился в окружающих водах при температуре около 9 °С. Дальнейшее потепление поверхностных вод может привести к деградации комплекса холодноводных видов, создающих трофическую основу современной экосистемы Черного моря. Следует ожидать ее существенной трансформации вследствие увеличения роли тепловодных и эвритермных видов.</p>
      </trans-abstract>

      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Black Sea</kwd>
        <kwd>ecosystem</kwd>
        <kwd>climate change</kwd>
        <kwd>deoxygenation</kwd>
        <kwd>water masses</kwd>
        <kwd>biotopes</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <kwd>Черное море</kwd>
        <kwd>экосистема</kwd>
        <kwd>изменения климата</kwd>
        <kwd>деоксигенация</kwd>
        <kwd>водные массы</kwd>
        <kwd>биотопы</kwd>
      </kwd-group>

      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research is performed under state assignment on IBSS RAS topic no. 124030100137-6, on MHI RAS topic no. FNNN-2025-0001, and on IPTS topic no. 124020100120-9.</funding-statement>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственных заданий ФИЦ ИнБЮМ РАН по теме 124030100137-6, ФГБУН ФИЦ МГИ по теме FNNN-2025-0001 и ФГБУН ИПТС № 124020100120-9.</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>

  <body>
    <p>Текст статьи не включен.</p>
  </body>

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