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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones of Sea</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones of Sea</journal-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Экологическая безопасность прибрежной и шельфовой зон моря</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="print">2413-5577</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">20250201</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="edn">AEMNOT</article-id>
      
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
          <subject>Научная статья</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="article-type">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>

      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">Frontal Zones as Boundaries of Areas with Different Range of Sea Surface Temperature Seasonal Variability in the North Atlantic</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Фронтальные зоны как границы областей с разным диапазоном сезонной изменчивости поверхностной температуры воды в Северной Атлантике</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>

      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Shokurova</surname>
              <given-names>I. G.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Шокурова</surname>
              <given-names>И. Г.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>igshokurova@mail.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Nikolsky</surname>
              <given-names>N. V.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Никольский</surname>
              <given-names>Н. В.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>n.nikolsky@mhi-ras.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Chernyshova</surname>
              <given-names>E. D.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Чернышова</surname>
              <given-names>Е. Д.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <email>alenaksendzik@rambler.ru</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>

      <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
        <aff xml:lang="en">
          <institution>Marine Hydrophysical Institute of RAS</institution>
          <addr-line>Sevastopol</addr-line>
          <country>Russia</country>
        </aff>
        <aff xml:lang="ru">
          <institution>Морской гидрофизический институт РАН</institution>
          <addr-line>Севастополь</addr-line>
          <country>Россия</country>
        </aff>
      </aff-alternatives>

      <pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-30" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>6</fpage>
      <lpage>18</lpage>

      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-10-15">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2025-01-19">
          <day>19</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-03-25">
          <day>25</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>

      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Shokurova I.G., Nikolsky N.V., Chernyshova E.D.</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Шокурова И.Г., Никольский Н.В., Чернышова Е.Д.</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shokurova I.G., Nikolsky N.V., Chernyshova E.D.</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шокурова И.Г., Никольский Н.В., Чернышова Е.Д.</copyright-holder>
        <ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/>
        <license>
          <ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://ecological-safety.ru/repository/issues/2025/02/01/" xlink:title="Страница статьи">https://ecological-safety.ru/repository/issues/2025/02/01/</self-uri>
      
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>The paper analyses the position of the oceanic temperature frontal zones in comparison with the spatial distribution of the amplitude of the seasonal variability of water temperature and gradients of amplitude in the North Atlantic. The paper also considers the change in the amplitude of the water temperature seasonal variability along meridional surface transects through the Gulf Stream front, Subtropical and Arctic Fronts. The authors use data on the potential water temperature at 0.5 m depth of the ORAS5 ocean reanalysis (1958–2021). The position of frontal zones is determined based on the calculation of horizontal water temperature gradients. The amplitude of the water temperature seasonal variability is calculated as half of the difference between the maximum and minimum temperature in the mean annual cycle. It is noted that high values of the amplitude of water temperature seasonal variations are observed in the mid-latitudes, decreasing in the northern and southern directions. In the equatorial zone, Tropical Atlantic and Arctic, the range of water temperature seasonal variability is minimal. The extended areas with a sharp change in the amplitude of the water temperature seasonal variations were found to coincide the position of temperature frontal zones. The correlation coefficient between the spatial distribution of temperature gradients and gradients of its seasonal variation amplitude was 0.93. The Gulf Stream front bordering the waters of the Labrador Current separates the regions with the largest difference in the water temperature seasonal variability. The difference in the amplitude of the water temperature seasonal variations in the areas located on both sides of the Gulf Stream, Subtropical and Arctic fronts was mainly due to the winter temperature difference. The obtained results show that the frontal zones in the ocean separate regions not only with different thermohaline characteristics, but also with different amplitudes of the seasonal variability of surface water temperature.</p>
      </abstract>
      
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Анализируется положение среднемноголетних океанических температурных фронтальных зон в сравнении с пространственным распределением амплитуды сезонной изменчивости температуры воды и градиентов амплитуды в Северной Атлантике. Рассматривается изменение амплитуды сезонного хода температуры воды вдоль меридиональных поверхностных разрезов через фронт Гольфстрима, Субтропический и Арктический фронты. Используются данные о потенциальной температуре воды на глубине 0.5 м океанического реанализа ORAS5 (1958–2021 гг.). Положение фронтальных зон определяется на основе расчета горизонтальных градиентов температуры воды. Амплитуда сезонной изменчивости температуры воды вычисляется как половина разницы между максимальной и минимальной температурой в климатическом годовом ходе. Отмечается, что высокие значения амплитуды сезонного хода температуры воды наблюдаются в средних широтах, уменьшаясь в северном и южном направлениях. В экваториальной зоне, в Тропической Атлантике и в Арктике диапазон сезонной изменчивости температуры воды минимальный. Получено, что протяженные области, на которых происходит резкое изменение амплитуды сезонного хода температуры воды, совпадают с положением температурных фронтальных зон. Коэффициент корреляции между пространственным распределением градиентов поверхностной температуры воды и градиентов амплитуды ее сезонного хода равен 0.93. Фронт Гольфстрима, граничащий с водами Лабрадорского течения, разделяет области с наибольшей разницей в сезонной изменчивости температуры воды. Различие амплитуд сезонного хода температуры воды в областях, расположенных с двух сторон фронта Гольфстрима, Субтропического и Арктического фронтов, в основном обусловливается зимней разницей температуры. Полученные результаты показывают, что фронтальные зоны в океане разделяют области не только с разными термохалинными характеристиками, но и с разной амплитудой сезонной изменчивости поверхностной температуры воды.</p>
      </trans-abstract>

      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>water temperature</kwd>
        <kwd>frontal zones</kwd>
        <kwd>amplitude of water temperature seasonal variations</kwd>
        <kwd>temperature gradient</kwd>
        <kwd>seasonal variability</kwd>
        <kwd>North Atlantic</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <kwd>температура воды</kwd>
        <kwd>фронтальные зоны</kwd>
        <kwd>амплитуда годового хода температуры воды</kwd>
        <kwd>градиент температуры</kwd>
        <kwd>сезонная изменчивость</kwd>
        <kwd>Северная Атлантика</kwd>
      </kwd-group>

      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out under state assignment of MHI RAS FNNN-2024-0014 "Fundamental studies of interaction processes in the sea–air system that form the physical state variability of the marine environment at various spatial and temporal scales".</funding-statement>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках темы государственного задания ФГБУН ФИЦ МГИ FNNN-2024-0014 «Фундаментальные исследования процессов взаимодействия в системе океан-атмосфера, формирующих изменчивость физического состояния морской среды на различных пространственно-временных масштабах».</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>

  <body>
    <p>Текст статьи не включен.</p>
  </body>

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