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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones of Sea</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title xml:lang="en">Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones of Sea</journal-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>Экологическая безопасность прибрежной и шельфовой зон моря</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="print">2413-5577</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">20240202</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="edn">MWVISQ</article-id>
      
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
          <subject>Научная статья</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="article-type">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>

      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="ru">Сезонная изменчивость горизонтальных градиентов в крупномасштабных термохалинных фронтальных зонах в Северной Атлантике</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>Seasonal Variability of Horizontal Gradients in the North Atlantic Large-Scale Thermohaline Frontal Zones</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </title-group>

      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Shokurova</surname>
              <given-names>I. G.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Шокурова</surname>
              <given-names>И. Г.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"/>
          <email>igshokurova@mail.ru</email>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Nikolsky</surname>
              <given-names>N. V.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Никольский</surname>
              <given-names>Н. В.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <email>n.nikolsky@mhi-ras.ru</email>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name-alternatives>
            <name xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Chernyshova</surname>
              <given-names>E. D.</given-names>
            </name>
            <name xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>Чернышова</surname>
              <given-names>Е. Д.</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
          <email/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>

      <aff-alternatives id="aff1">
        <aff xml:lang="en">
          <institution>Marine Hydrophysical Institute of RAS</institution>
          <addr-line>Sevastopol</addr-line>
          <country>Russia</country>
        </aff>
        <aff xml:lang="ru">
          <institution>Морской гидрофизический институт РАН</institution>
          <addr-line>Севастополь</addr-line>
          <country>Россия</country>
        </aff>
      </aff-alternatives>

      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="cor1">
          <label>Контактная информация:</label>
          <email>igshokurova@mail.ru</email>
        </corresp>
      </author-notes>

      <pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-06-25" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>25</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>23</fpage>
      <lpage>38</lpage>

      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-02-13">
          <day>13</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2024-03-15">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-03-27">
          <day>27</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>

      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright © 2024, Шокурова И. Г., Никольский Н. В., Чернышова Е. Д.</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright © 2024, Shokurova I. G., Nikolsky N. V., Chernyshova E. D.</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2024</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шокурова И. Г., Никольский Н. В., Чернышова Е. Д.</copyright-holder>
        <copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shokurova I. G., Nikolsky N. V., Chernyshova E. D.</copyright-holder>
        <ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/>
        <license>
          <ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://ecological-safety.ru/repository/issues/2024/02/02/" xlink:title="Страница статьи">https://ecological-safety.ru/repository/issues/2024/02/02/</self-uri>

      <abstract xml:lang="ru">
        <p>Рассматривается сезонная изменчивость пространственного распределения и величины горизонтальных градиентов температуры, солености и плотности в крупномасштабных поверхностных фронтальных зонах в северной части Атлантического океана. Используются среднемесячные данные о температуре и солености на горизонте 0.5 м океанического реанализа ORASS (1958–2021 гг.). Получено, что высокие градиенты температуры, превышающие 2 °С/100 км, солености – 1 ЕПС/100 км, плотности – 1 кг·м<sup>−3</sup>/100 км, наблюдаются в субполярной и умеренной зонах во фронтах вдоль крупномасштабных течений, переносящих теплые соленые воды из южных широт (Гольфстрим, Северо-Атлантическое течение) и холодные воды с низкой соленостью из арктических районов (Лабрадорское течение, Восточно-Гренландское течение). Эти фронты выделяются в течение всего года. Высокие градиенты солености и плотности также отмечаются летом в тропической зоне во фронте на границе плюма Амазонки, возникающего в результате сезонного стока реки. В указанных пяти фронтальных зонах были выделены области, для которых приводятся количественные оценки сезонной изменчивости градиентов. В субполярной и умеренной зонах максимальные градиенты температуры отмечаются в зимнее время. Прогрев воды в летний сезон сопровождается уменьшением градиентов. Наибольший размах сезонной изменчивости градиентов температуры наблюдается во фронтальных зонах Гольфстрима и Восточно-Гренландского течения. Летом во фронтах субполярных районов происходит повышение градиентов солености вследствие таяния арктических и материковых льдов и увеличения поступления вод с пониженной соленостью. Во фронтальной зоне Восточно-Гренландского течения, а также на границе плюма реки Амазонки отмечается наиболее высокий размах сезонных изменений градиентов солености и плотности. В этих районах возрастает вклад солености в сезонные изменения плотности на поверхности океана.</p>
      </abstract>
      
      <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>The paper examines seasonal variability in the spatial distribution and magnitude of horizontal gradients of temperature, salinity and density in large-scale surface frontal zones in the North Atlantic Ocean. Monthly average temperature and salinity data at the 0.5 m horizon from the ORASS oceanic reanalysis (1958–2021) are used. High gradients of temperature exceeding 2 °C/100 km, those of salinity exceeding 1 PSU/100 km, and those of density exceeding 1 kg·m<sup>−3</sup>/100 km were observed in the subpolar and temperate regions in fronts along large-scale currents carrying warm salty waters from the southern latitudes (Gulf Stream, North Atlantic Current) and cold waters with low salinity from the Arctic regions (Labrador Current, East Greenland Current). These fronts occur throughout the year. High salinity and density gradients are also observed in the tropical summer in the front at the edge of the Amazon River plume, resulting from seasonal river flow. In these five frontal zones, areas were identified for which quantitative estimates of seasonal variability of gradients are provided. In the subpolar and temperate latitudes, maximum temperature gradients are observed in winter. Warming up of water in the summer season is accompanied by a decrease in gradients. The greatest range of seasonal variability of temperature gradients was noted in the frontal zones of the Gulf Stream and the East Greenland Current. In summer, in the fronts of subpolar regions, salinity gradients increase due to the melting of Arctic and continental ice and an increase in the influx of waters with low salinity. In the frontal zone of the East Greenland Current, as well as at the boundary of the Amazon River plume, the highest range of seasonal changes in salinity and density gradients was noted. In these areas, the contribution of salinity to seasonal changes in density at the ocean surface increases.</p>
      </trans-abstract>

      <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
        <kwd>фронтальные зоны</kwd>
        <kwd>горизонтальные градиенты</kwd>
        <kwd>градиент температуры</kwd>
        <kwd>градиент солености</kwd>
        <kwd>градиент плотности</kwd>
        <kwd>сезонная изменчивость</kwd>
        <kwd>Атлантический океан</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>frontal zones</kwd>
        <kwd>horizontal gradients</kwd>
        <kwd>temperature gradient</kwd>
        <kwd>salinity gradient</kwd>
        <kwd>density gradient</kwd>
        <kwd>seasonal variability</kwd>
        <kwd>Atlantic Ocean</kwd>
      </kwd-group>

      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ФГБУН ФИЦ МГИ по теме № FNNN-2024-0014 «Фундаментальные исследования процессов взаимодействия в системе океан-атмосфера, формирующих изменчивость физического состояния морской среды на различных пространственно-временных масштабах».</funding-statement>
        <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study was carried out under state assignment FNNN-2024-0014 “Fundamental studies of interaction processes in the sea-air system that form the physical state variability of the marine environment at various spatial and temporal scales”.</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>

  <body>
    <p>Текст статьи не включен.</p>
  </body>

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