Assessment and Characterization of Microplastics in Aquatic Environments near Pekalongan (Indonesia)

S. Widada1, Kunarso1, E. Indrayanti1, R. Widiaratih1, A. Ismanto1, M. Zainuri1, 3, *, T. Hadibarata2, M. A. Anindita1, T. Tristanova1, M. S. Jihadi1, 3

1 Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia

2 Environmental Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, Miri, Malaysia

3 Center for Coastal Rehabilitation and Disaster Mitigation Studies, Diponegoro University Jl. Prof. Soedarto SH., Tembalang, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia

* e-mail: muhammadzainuri@lecturer.undip.ac.id

Аннотация

The occurrence of microplastics in the marine environment and their impact on the environment, biodiversity, and human life is concerning. Pekalongan is an industrial city with various anthropogenic activities such as fisheries, aquaculture, household, and most notably the batik textile industry. This research was carried out to determine the spatial distribution and characteristics of microplastics in the water and sediment of the Pekalongan coastal area. Water samples were collected at 10 stations (at 5 of them sediments were sampled as well) in the Sengkarang River estuary and its surroundings. Microplastics were identified using the optical microscopy method, followed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) testing to determine the polymer of microplastics. Microplastics were characterized using a Motic SMZ-161 microscope, then photographed using a Moticam A5 and counted based on each characteristic. In this study, we found polymers such as polystyrene, polyethylene, polyamide, and polyester. The abundance of microplastics in seawater was 214.4 particles/L and 300 particles/kg in suspended sediments. The microplastics types included fibers, fragments, films, and pellets of various colors and sizes. The dominant microplastic type in seawater and sediments was fiber (44%, 44%), followed by fragments (28%, 25%), foam (15%, 13%), and pellets (7%, 16%). White was the dominant color in seawater (54%) and sediments (53%), blue (21%, 18%), and red (15%, 17%), while yellow, green, and black were also found in small portions. The size of microplastics ranged from 1 µm to 10 mm, and the dominant size range was in the 50–250 µm group. The highest concentration of microplastics in the seawater was found in site B5 with a concentration of 360 particles/L, while the highest concentration of microplastics in sediments was found in site B4 (389 particles/kg). Site B5 is located in the midwater area but still close to the estuary, where the pollution from the surrounding areas flows to the location. Site B4 is in the littoral-intertidal zone where the water is affected by tides and is prime location for sedimentation to occur.

Ключевые слова

microplastics, Pekalongan, North Java Coast, estuary, pollution

Благодарности

This work was supported by the Research for International Publications program managed by the Universitas Diponegoro, and that fund was sourced other than APBN UNDIP Number 609-64/UN7.D2/PP/VIII/2023. Collaboration from Curtin University Malaysia is highly appreciated.

Для цитирования

Assessment and Characterization of Microplastics in Aquatic Environments of Pekalongan Waters / S. Widada [et al.] // Экологическая безопасность прибрежной и шельфовой зон моря. 2025. № 2. С. 99–117. EDN VHKNLA.

Widada, S., Kunarso, Indrayanti, E., Widiaratih, R., Ismanto, A., Zainuri, M., Hadibarata, T., Anindita, M.A., Tristanova, T. and Jihadi, M.S., 2025. Assessment and Characterization of Microplastics in Aquatic Environments near Pekalongan (Indonesia). Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones of Sea, (2), pp. 99–117.

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