Currently, there is a tendency to tighten international environmental regulations in the field of maritime shipping. This study analyzes possible consequences of the introduction of environmental restrictions by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) on marine activities in the Arctic region, including the ban on the use of heavy fuel oil, presented in IMO Resolution MEPC.329(76), and the requirements of the IMO 2023 Strategy to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions. The volume of use of various types of marine fuel on the Northern Sea Route in 2024 was analyzed. An assessment of the use of heavy fuel oil by ships and a risk analysis for the development of large-tonnage Arctic offshore projects were carried out with the implementation of IMO Resolution MEPC.329(76). A forecast calculation of the compliance of greenhouse gas emissions with cargo turnover on the NSR has been made, taking into account the targets of the IMO 2023 Strategy. It is shown that without switching to environmentally friendly fuels and the introduction of innovative emission reduction technologies, the required reduction in emissions by 2030 and 2040 can only be achieved by significantly limiting cargo turnover on the Northern Sea Route. The IMO's greenhouse gas emissions reduction tools and the possibility of legal mechanisms for implementing the IMO Strategy were analyzed.