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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones of Sea</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones of Sea</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="print">2413-5577</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">20250307</article-id>

      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="article-type">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>

      <title-group>
        <article-title>Ecoenergy Potential of a Solar-Wind Station in the Khazar Nature Reserve in the Caspian Sea</article-title>
      </title-group>

      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Penjiyev</surname>
            <given-names>A. M.</given-names>
          </name>
          <address>
            <country country="TM">Turkmenistan</country>
          </address>
          <email>ampenjiyev@gmail.com</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mamedov</surname>
            <given-names>B. M.</given-names>
          </name>
          <address>
            <country country="TM">Turkmenistan</country>
          </address>
          <email>tdbgi@online.tm</email>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>

      <aff id="aff1">
        <institution>Turkmen State Institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering</institution>
        <addr-line>Ashgabat</addr-line>
        <country country="TM">Turkmenistan</country>
      </aff>

      <pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-09-30" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>2025</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>96</fpage>
      <lpage>114</lpage>

      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-09-16">
          <day>16</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd" iso-8601-date="2025-06-24">
          <day>24</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-01-27">
          <day>27</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>

      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2025, A. M. Penjiyev, B. M. Mamedov</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder>A. M. Penjiyev, B. M. Mamedov</copyright-holder>
        <ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/>
        <license>
          <ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://ecological-safety.ru/en/repository/issues/2025/03/07/" xlink:title="Page of article">https://ecological-safety.ru/en/repository/issues/2025/03/07/</self-uri>

      <abstract>
        <p>The article considers solar and wind energy resources and their ecological potential in the Khazar Reserve on Ogurchinsky Island in the Caspian Sea. The methodological basis is formed by the empirical calculations for the preparation of a feasibility study and the creation, development and implementation of energy-efficient technologies based on solar-wind energy equipment in the Reserve. The paper provides an energy, economic and ecological assessment of a solar power station with a capacity of 10 kW·h/day based on theoretical and methodological calculations and taking into account natural and climatic conditions. The station generates electricity (3658.34 kWh/year), saves organic fuel (1463.336 kg of equivalent fuel) and reduces harmful emissions into the biosphere: SO₂ (30.41 kg), NOₓ (16.38 kg), CO (2.13 kg), CH₄ (4.47 kg), CO₂ (2339.64 kg), solids (3.19 kg). One 400 W wind turbine can generate 19.45 kW·h/m²·year, or an average of 1.62 kW·h/m²·month, with an equivalent reduction in fuel consumption of 7.78 equivalent fuel. The obtained scientifically substantiated results will contribute to the improvement of social, living, economic and environmental conditions of the island's inhabitants, the conservation of bioresources, and strengthening energy and environmental security. The results of the feasibility study will help implement various solar-wind technological complexes in the region.</p>
      </abstract>

      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>solar-wind energy resources</kwd>
        <kwd>environmental potentials</kwd>
        <kwd>mathematical statistics</kwd>
        <kwd>Khazar Reserve</kwd>
        <kwd>Ogurchinsky Island</kwd>
        <kwd>Caspian Sea</kwd>
      </kwd-group>

      <author-notes>
        <p><bold>About the authors:</bold></p>
        <p><bold>Ahmet M. Penjiyev</bold>, Associate Professor, Turkmen State Institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering (1 B. Annanova Str., Ashgabat, 744001, Turkmenistan), DSc (Tech.), DSc (Agric.), <email>ampenjiyev@gmail.com</email></p>
        <p><bold>Batyr M. Mamedov</bold>, Rector, Turkmen State Institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering (1 B. Annanova Str., Ashgabat, 744001, Turkmenistan), DSc (Tech.), DSc (Agric.), <email>tdbgi@online.tm</email></p>
        <p><bold>Contribution of the authors:</bold></p>
        <p><bold>Ahmet M. Penjiyev</bold> – basic concept statement, scientific supervision, statement of study goals and objectives, calculations, text preparation, revision of literary analysis, text editing</p>
        <p><bold>Batyr M. Mamedov</bold> – analysis and discussion of the study results, formulation and editing of conclusions</p>
        <p><italic>All the authors have read and approved the final manuscript.</italic></p>
      </author-notes>
    </article-meta>
  </front>

  <body>
    <p>Article text not included.</p>
  </body>

  <back>
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