Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones of Sea Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones of Sea 2413-5577 20250105 Research Article Testing of a Piled (Permeable) Breakwater Made of Composite Materials for Coastal Protection. Part 2. Evaluation of Impact on the Shore State Chubarenko B. V.
Russian Federation
chuboris@mail.ru Dikii D. I.
Russian Federation
dimandikiy@mail.ru Domnin D. A.
Russian Federation
dimanisha@gmail.com Zakirov R. B.
Russian Federation
zakirov.ruslan.kaliningrad@yandex.ru Babakov A. N.
Russian Federation
babakov_temp@mail.ru Paka V. T.
Russian Federation
vpaka@mail.ru Kondrashov A. A.
Russian Federation
kondrashoff1984@yandex.ru Korzh A. O.
Russian Federation
andrey.korzh@atlantic.ocean.ru Burnashov E. M.
Russian Federation
burnashov_neo@mail.ru Karmanov K. V.
Russian Federation
konstantin.karmanoff@yandex.ru Bass O. V.
Russian Federation
o.bass@mail.ru Efremov V. I.
Russian Federation
zbt@bk.ru Ryabkova O. I.
Russian Federation
ryabko5195@mail.ru Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia GBU KO Baltberegozashchita Svetlogorsk Russia Kaliningrad State Technical University Kaliningrad Russia Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University Kaliningrad Russia LLC Trading House Basalt Pipes Moscow Russia 31 03 2025 2025 1 72 95 25 07 2024 17 12 2024 02 11 2024 Copyright © 2025, B. V. Chubarenko, D. I. Dikii, D. A. Domnin, R. B. Zakirov, A. N. Babakov, V. T. Paka, A. A. Kondrashov, A. O. Korzh, E. M. Burnashov, K. V. Karmanov, O. V. Bass, V. I. Efremov, O. I. Ryabkova 2025 B. V. Chubarenko, D. I. Dikii, D. A. Domnin, R. B. Zakirov, A. N. Babakov, V. T. Paka, A. A. Kondrashov, A. O. Korzh, E. M. Burnashov, K. V. Karmanov, O. V. Bass, V. I. Efremov, O. I. Ryabkova https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ https://ecological-safety.ru/en/repository/issues/2025/01/05/

The paper analyzes the effectiveness of a pile breakwater structure Grebenka for coastal protection purposes. From 03.10.2020 to 30.04.2023, full-scale testing of the structure was conducted on the northern shore of the Kaliningrad Oblast near the city of Zelenogradsk between the eroded and accumulative shore segments. Four breakwater modules were installed in a single line in the groin pocket at a depth of about 2 m offshore of the groin end but did not completely overlap the pocket. One module was installed in the immediate vicinity of the shoreline. The experiment covered several seasons of severe storms, which allowed us to compare the shoreline dynamics at the breakwater installation site and in the neighbouring areas. We carried out regular measurements of the beach width, aerial survey, repeated depth measurement at the installation site and assessed the underwater slope dynamics. We also determined the thickness of the sand cover layer at the structure installation site and placed tilting flow velocity sensors on the breakwater. It was found that the beach width at the breakwater installation site and in adjacent areas was changing synchronously. The absence of an obvious accumulative effect behind the installed breakwater was, first, due to the displacement of the breakwater modules and their partial immersion in the sand and, second, due to the limited line length of the offshore modules in proportion to their distance from the shoreline. A temporary positive effect was achieved only for a solitary module as periodic beach degradation to the root of an old groin adjacent thereto from the east. The results of the full-scale test will be used to further improve the breakwater design.

 breakwater shore protection Baltic Sea field experiment beach dynamics underwater slope dynamics coastal erosion The experiment in terms of creating and installing the breakwater (as well as conducting part of visual surveys and measurement works in 2022, preparation of flow measuring instruments) was funded entirely by the developer, LLC Trading House Basalt Pipes, Moscow. Expeditionary work to determine long-term changes in the width of the beach, aerial visual surveys 2022-2023, measurement works 2023, underwater survey and determination of the thickness of loose sediment 2022, measurement of currents were carried out with the support of topic no. FMWE-2021-0012, while the analysis of the experiment results and preparation of this article were performed with the support of topic no. FMWE-2024-0025 of the state assignment of the P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

About the authors:

Boris V. Chubarenko, Leading Research Associate, Head of the Laboratory of Coastal Systems, Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences (36 Nakhimovskiy Ave., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation), PhD (Phys.-Math.), ORCID ID: 0000-0001-7988-1717, Scopus Author ID: 6507102508, chuboris@mail.ru

Dmitry I. Dikii, Junior Research Associate, Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences (36 Nakhimovskiy Ave., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation), PhD (Tech.), ORCID ID: 0000-0002-8819-8423, Scopus Author ID: 56998707400, dimandikiy@mail.ru

Dmitry A. Domnin, Senior Research Associate, Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences (36 Nakhimovskiy Ave., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation), PhD (Geogr.), ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8627-2055, Scopus Author ID: 9250345600, dimanisha@gmail.com

Ruslan B. Zakirov, Research Associate, Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences (36 Nakhimovskiy Ave., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation), PhD (Geogr.), Scopus Author ID: 57222497041, zakirov.ruslan.kaliningrad@yandex.ru

Aleksandr N. Babakov, Senior Research Associate, Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences (36 Nakhimovskiy Ave., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation), PhD (Geogr.), ORCID ID: 0000-0002-8824-8929, Scopus Author ID: 41261066200, babakov_temp@mail.ru

Vadim T. Paka, Chief Research Associate, Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences (36 Nakhimovskiy Ave., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation), DSc (Phys.-Math.), ORCID ID: 0000-0003-0316-1961, Scopus ID: 7003547709, vpaka@mail.ru

Aleksey A. Kondrashov, Junior Research Associate, Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences (36 Nakhimovskiy Ave., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation), ORCID ID: 0000-0002-3684-2184, Scopus ID: 36657225800, kondrashoff1984@yandex.ru

Andrey O. Korzh, Leading Engineer, Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences (36 Nakhimovskiy Ave., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation), ORCID ID: 0000-0001-6409-8228, Scopus ID: 15080985900, andrey.korzh@atlantic.ocean.ru

Evgeny M. Burnashov, Deputy Director for Monitoring and Security of Hydraulic Facilities, GBU KO Baltberegozashhita (1 Khutorskaya Str., Kaliningrad Oblast, Svetlogorsk, 238560, Russian Federation), PhD (Geogr.), Scopus Author ID: 41261235800, burnashov_neo@mail.ru

Konstantin V. Karmanov, Graduate Student, Kaliningrad State Technical University (1 Sovetsky Drive, Kaliningrad, 236000, Russian Federation), Scopus Author ID: 55377991800, konstantin.karmanoff@yandex.ru

Oleg V. Bass, Associate Professor, Institute of High Technology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University (14 Aleksandra Nevskogo Str., Kaliningrad, 236041, Russian Federation), PhD (Geogr.), Scopus Author ID: 57219593321, o.bass@mail.ru

Vladimir I. Efremov, Executive Director, LLC Trading House Basalt Pipes (29, Bldg 4, Petrovsko-Razumovsky Drive, Moscow, 127287, Russian Federation), zbt@bk.ru

Olga I. Ryabkova, Associate Professor, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University (14 Aleksandra Nevskogo Str., Kaliningrad, 236041, Russian Federation), PhD (Geogr.), ORCID ID: 0000-0002-4562-4162, ryabko5195@mail.ru

Contribution of the authors:

Boris V. Chubarenko – work supervision, analysis of all results and drawing general conclusions, planning and final editing of the paper text

Dmitry I. Dikii – analysis of storm activity reanalysis data, collection of material for the review, preparation of the first paper version, grouping of material and finalization of the paper text

Dmitry A. Domnin – aerial survey, analysis of the results and preparation of illustrations on the underwater bar dynamics

Ruslan B. Zakirov – measurement works, participation in loose sediment thickness determination, analysis of measurement results, preparation of relevant illustrations on measurements and loose sediment thicknesses

Aleksandr N. Babakov – collection and analysis of data on long-term beach dynamics and underwater slope dynamics in the Zelenogradsk area, detailed analysis of data on the relationship between beach dynamics and meteorological conditions

Vadim T. Paka – supervision of measurements of currents and loose sediment thickness, analysis of the results and drawing appropriate conclusions

Aleksey A. Kondrashov – carrying out currents measurements, including preparation of the tool set, analysis of measurement results

Andrey O. Korzh – carrying out works and mathematical analysis of the results of currents measurements, preparation of appropriate illustrations

Evgeny M. Burnashov – analysis of the results and contribution to overall conclusions

Konstantin V. Karmanov – leveling and aerial surveys, observations of beach widths, analysis of the data obtained

Oleg V. Bass – participation in structure installation, taking measurements in 2022, photographing the structure condition, participation in drawing conclusions on the structure

Vladimir I. Efremov – development of the breakwater design, supervision of and participation in installation, photographing the structure condition, partial funding of the works, drawing conclusions and recommendations regarding the structure

Olga I. Ryabkova – analysis of data on the source of sediment from dredging operations in the Pionersky port

All the authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

Article text not included.

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