Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones of Sea Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones of Sea 2413-5577 20240306 Research Article Testing of a Piled (Permeable) Breakwater Made of Composite Material for Coastal Protection. Part 1: Installation Conditions and Stability Assessment Dikii D. I.
Russian Federation
dimandikiy@mail.ru Efremov V. I.
Russian Federation
zbt@bk.ru Chubarenko B. V.
Russian Federation
chuboris@mail.ru Domnin D. A.
Russian Federation
dimanisha@gmail.com Zakirov R. B.
Russian Federation
zakirov.ruslan.kaliningrad@yandex.ru Burnashov E. M.
Russian Federation
burnashov.neo@mail.ru Karmanov K. V.
Russian Federation
konstantin.karmanoff@yandex.ru Bass O. V.
Russian Federation
o.bass@mail.ru Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia LLC Trading House Basalt Pipes Moscow Russia GBU KO Baltberegozashhita Svetlogorsk, Kaliningrad Oblast Russia Kaliningrad State Technical University Kaliningrad Russia Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University Kaliningrad Russia 25 09 2024 2024 3 79 92 18 04 2024 17 06 2024 21 05 2024 Copyright © 2024, D. I. Dikii, V. I. Efremov, B. V. Chubarenko, D. A. Domnin, R. B. Zakirov, E. M. Burnashov, K. V. Karmanov, O. V. Bass 2024 D. I. Dikii, V. I. Efremov, B. V. Chubarenko, D. A. Domnin, R. B. Zakirov, E. M. Burnashov, K. V. Karmanov, O. V. Bass https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ https://ecological-safety.ru/en/repository/issues/2024/03/06/

The article discusses the results of an experiment (03 October 2021–30 April 2023) to test a "Grebenka" breakwater (breakwater of a through structure, or wave-breaking piled wall) made of composite material. The purpose of the study is to prove or disprove the hypothesis that the structures under study are sufficiently resistant to natural effects of the marine environment and can be considered as an alternative to existing coastal protection methods and means. The test breakwater in the form of five 12-meter modules, four of which were arranged in a line, was installed on the northern shore of the Sambia Peninsula (Baltic Sea, Kaliningrad Oblast'). The state of the breakwater was registered by various methods, including underwater and aerial photography. The results of the study showed that the installation of modules on the unprepared bottom caused their shear and tilt as a result of wave action. In order to improve the resistance of the "Grebenka" breakwater to such impact, it is necessary to prepare the bottom by flushing out the sand cover up to the consolidated layer level. Despite the fact that one of the breakwater modules split into two parts following the longitudinal fracture of its base (due to a violation of installation technology), all vertical pipe-piles forming the wave-dampening pile rows with cantilevered sealing at the base and free upper ends did not break off or corrode. This indicates that the composite material is strong enough for use in marine conditions with wave and ice loads. Algae biofouling has demonstrated the friendliness of the composite material to the biota.

 breakwater coastal protection composite material Baltic Sea natural experiment Production and installation of the construction were funded by LLC Trading House Basalt Pipes (Moscow). The publication was prepared under topic no. FMWE-2024-0025 of the state assignment of Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences.

About the authors:

Dmitry I. Dikii, Junior Research Associate, Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences (36 Nakhimovskiy Ave., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation), Ph.D. (Tech.), ORCID ID: 0000-0002-8819-8423, Scopus Author ID: 56998707400, dimandikiy@mail.ru

Vladimir I. Efremov, Executive Director, LLC Trading House Basalt Pipes (29, Bldg 4, Petrovsko-Razumovsky Drive, Moscow, 127287, Russian Federation), zbt@bk.ru

Boris V. Chubarenko, Leading Research Associate, Head of the Laboratory of Coastal Systems, Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences (36 Nakhimovskiy Ave., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation), Ph.D. (Phys.-Math.), ORCID ID: 0000-0001-7988-1717, Scopus Author ID: 6507102508, chuboris@mail.ru

Dmitry A. Domnin, Senior Research Associate, Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences (36 Nakhimovskiy Ave., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation), Ph.D. (Geogr.), ORCID ID: 0000-0001-8627-2055, Scopus Author ID: 9250345600, SPIN-code: 1174-4997, dimanisha@gmail.com

Ruslan B. Zakirov, Research Associate, Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences (36 Nakhimovskiy Ave., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation), Ph.D. (Geogr.), Scopus Author ID: 57222497041, zakirov.ruslan.kaliningrad@yandex.ru

Evgeny M. Burnashov, Deputy Director for Monitoring and Security of Hydraulic Facilities, GBU KO Baltberegozashhita (1 Khutorskaya Str., Kaliningrad Oblast, Svetlogorsk, 238560, Russian Federation), Ph.D. (Geogr.), Scopus Author ID: 41261235800, burnashov.neo@mail.ru

Konstantin V. Karmanov, Graduate Student, Kaliningrad State Technical University (1 Sovetsky Drive, Kaliningrad, 236000, Russian Federation), Scopus Author ID: 55377991800, konstantin.karmanoff@yandex.ru

Oleg V. Bass, Associate Professor, Institute of High Technology, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University (14 Aleksandra Nevskogo Str., Kaliningrad, 236041, Russian Federation), Ph.D. (Geogr.), Scopus Author ID: 57219593321, o.bass@mail.ru

Contribution of the authors:

Dmitry I. Dikii – material collecting and grouping, preparing the first draft of the article, finalising the text

Vladimir I. Efremov – development of the breakwater design, supervision of the installation and participation therein, photographic documentation of the breakwater state, partial funding of the works, drawing of conclusions and recommendations on the design

Boris V. Chubarenko – planning and drafting the first draft of the article, analysis of all the results and drawing general conclusions, final editing of the article text

Dmitry A. Domnin – conduction of aerial visual surveys, underwater video surveys, analysis of the results

Ruslan B. Zakirov – georeferencing of satellite images, analysing changes in module locations, preparation of relevant illustrations

Evgeny M. Burnashov – analysis of the results and contribution to the overall conclusions

Konstantin V. Karmanov – conduction of aerial visual surveys, analysis of the obtained data

Oleg V. Bass – participation in the breakwater installation, participation in drawing of conclusions on the breakwater

All the authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

Article text not included.

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