Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones of Sea Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones of Sea 2413-5577 20230301 Research Article Assessment of the Black Sea Steric Level Variability: New Approaches and Prospects for the Use of Satellite Information Novitskaya V. P.
Russian Federation
doronina.viktori@mail.ru Lemeshko E. M.
Russian Federation
evgeny.lemeshko@mhi-ras.ru Belokopytov V. N.
Russian Federation
v.belokopytov@gmail.com Marine Hydrophysical Institute of RAS Sevastopol Russian Federation 25 09 2023 2023 3 6 21 21 04 2023 28 06 2023 15 06 2023 Copyright © 2023, V. P. Novitskaya, E. M. Lemeshko, V. N. Belokopytov 2023 V. P. Novitskaya, E. M. Lemeshko, V. N. Belokopytov https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ https://ecological-safety.ru/en/repository/issues/2023/03/01/

Based on satellite altimetry and gravimetric data, the time series of steric level oscillations averaged over the Black Sea for 2002-2016 is reconstructed. The steric sea level oscillations were calculated as the difference between the total sea level measured by altimeters and the manometric (barystatic) component determined from gravimetric measurements GRACE. A good agreement was obtained between the steric component of the sea level and the estimates obtained from archival hydrological data and Argo floats. The maxima of the range of the seasonal variation of the steric component of the level are noted in the areas with maximum seasonal vertical displacements of the main pycnocline. Estimates of the steric level seasonal cycle were obtained, the range of oscillations was up to 12 cm. The minimum is reached in the winter period (March), and the maximum - in the summer period (August). It is noted that the seasonal cycle of the manometric component of the sea level is in good agreement with the seasonal cycle of the freshwater balance of the Black Sea constructed according to climatic hydrometeorological data. The estimate of the linear trend of the reconstructed steric oscillations is -0.6 ± 0.2 cm/year. This indicates that, despite the positive trend in water temperature in the main pycnocline and desalination of the surface layer, the contribution of the modern increase in salinity in all layers of the sea to the changes in water density in the Black Sea generally predominates.

 Black Sea steric level manometric level water balance altimetry gravimetry GRACE climate The work was performed under state assignment of MHI RAS on topics no. FNNN-2021-0005, FNNN-2021-0002. The authors gratefully acknowledge the GSFC for providing the GRACE RL06 mascon data and Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service for altimetry data.

About the authors:

Victoria P. Novitskaya, Senior Research Engineer, Marine Hydrophysical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (299011, Russia, Sevastopol, Kapitanskaya St., 2), SPIN code: 9079-6274, doronina.viktori@mail.ru

Evgeny M. Lemeshko, Senior Research Associate, Marine Hydrophysical Institute of RAS (2 Kapitanskaya St., Sevastopol, 299011, Russian Federation), Ph.D. (Phys.-Math.), SPIN code: 3836-5786, ResearcherID: S-7815-2018, Scopus Author ID: 6508300982, evgeny.lemeshko@mhi-ras.ru

Vladimir N. Belokopytov, Head of the Department of Oceanography, Leading Researcher, Marine Hydrophysical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (299011, Russia, Sevastopol, Kapitanskaya St., 2), Doctor of Geographical Sciences, SPIN code: 5697-5700, ResearcherID: ABA-1230-2020, Scopus Author ID: 6602381894, v.belokopytov@gmail.com

Contribution of the authors:

Victoria P. Novitskaya – publications review, processing of altimetry data for the study, analysis of the results and their interpretation, plotting, description of the study results.

Evgeny M. Lemeshko – general scientific guidance of research, formulation of objectives and tasks of the study, choice of data analysis methods, calculation of steric component of the sea level from satellite data, analysis of the study results, their interpretation, formula of conclusions.

Vladimir N. Belokopytov – calculation and analysis the Black Sea steric level and their thermosteric and halosteric components based on the archive of long-term hydrological data.

All the authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

Article text not included.

REFERENCES MalininV.N. GordeevaS.M. ShevchukO.I. Changes in the Global Sea Level in the Current Century Sovremennye Problemy Distantsionnogo Zondirovaniya Zemli iz Kosmosa = Current Problems in Remote Sensing of the Earth from Space 2019 16 5 9 22 (in Russian) GregoryJ.M. GriffiesS.M. HughesC.W. LoweJ.A. ChurchJ.A. FukimoriI. GomezN. KoppR.E. LandererF. Concepts and Terminology for Sea Level: Mean, Variability and Change, both Local and Global Surveys in Geophysics 2019 40 1251 1289 10.1007/s10712-019-09525-z PonteR.M. A Preliminary Model Study of the Larger-Scale Seasonal Cycle in Bottom Pressure over the Global Ocean Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 1999 104 C1 1289 1300 10.1029/1998JC900028 ArkhipkinV.S. BerezhnoiV.Yu. Steric Oscillations of the Black Sea Level Oceanology 1995 35 6 735 741 StanevE.V. PenevaE. ChitirkovaB. Climate Change and Regional Ocean Water Mass Disappearance: Case of the Black Sea Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 2019 124 7 4803 4819 10.1029/2019JC015076 KnyshV.V. KorotaevG.K. MoiseenkoV.A. KubryakovA.I. BelokopytovV.N. InyushinaN.V. Seasonal and Interannual Variability of Black Sea Hydrophysical Fields Reconstructed from 1971-1993 Reanalysis Data Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics 2011 47 3 399 411 10.1134/S000143381103008X PolonskyA.B. ShokurovaI.G. BelokopytovV.N. The Decadal Variability of Temperature and Salinity in the Black Sea Morskyy Gidrofizicheskiy Zhurnal 2013 6 27 41 (in Russian) MiladinovaS. StipsA. Garcia-GorrizE. Macias MoyD. Black Sea Thermohaline Properties: Long-Term Trends and Variations Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 2017 122 7 5624 5644 10.1002/2016JC012644 BelokopytovV.N. Retrospective Analysis of the Black Sea Thermohaline Fields on the Basis of Empirical Orthogonal Functions Physical Oceanography 2018 25 5 380 389 10.22449/1573-160X-2018-5-380-389 RoquetF. MadecG. McDougallT. BarkerP. Accurate Polynomial Expressions for the Density and Specific Volume of Seawater Using the TEOS-10 Standard Ocean Modelling 2015 90 29 43 10.1016/j.ocemod.2015.04.002 SimonovA.I. AltmanE.N. Hydrometeorology and Hydrochemistry of Seas of the USSR. Vol. 4. The Black Sea. Iss. 1. Hydrometeorological Conditions Saint Petersburg Gidrometeoizdat 1991 429 (in Russian) AvsarN.B. JinS. KutogluS.H. Recent Sea Level Changes in the Black Sea from Satellite Gravity and Altimeter Measurements The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences Istanbul, Turkey 2018 XLII-3/W4 83 85 10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-3-W4-83-2018 LemeshkoE.E. LemeshkoE.M. NovitskayaV.P. Influence of the Arctic Oscillation on the Formation of Water Circulation Regimes in the Sector of the North, Norwegian and Barents Seas Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones of Sea 2021 2 47 64 10.22449/2413-5577-2021-2-47-64 (in Russian) VolkovD.L. LandererF.W. Internal and External Forcing of Sea Level Variability in the Black Sea Climate Dynamics 2015 45 9-10 2633 2646 10.1007/s00382-015-2498-0 LoomisB.D. LuthckeS.B. SabakaT.J. Regularization and Error Characterization of GRACE Mascons Journal of Geodesy 2019 93 9 1381 1398 10.1007/s00190-019-01252-y Fenoglio-MarcL. RietbroekR. GrayekS. BeckerM. KuscheJ. StanevE. Water Mass Variation in the Mediterranean and Black Seas Journal of Geodynamics 2012 59-60 168 182 10.1016/j.jog.2012.04.001 PodymovO.I. ZatsepinA.G. OcherednikV.V. Increase of Temperature and Salinity in the Active Layer of the North-Eastern Black Sea from 2010 to 2020 Physical Oceanography 2021 28 3 257 265 10.22449/1573-160X-2021-3-257-265