Testing of a Piled (Permeable) Breakwater Made of Composite Materials for Coastal Protection. Part 2. Evaluation of Impact on the Shore State

B. V. Chubarenko1, D. I. Dikii1,*, D. A. Domnin1, R. B. Zakirov1, A. N. Babakov1, V. T. Paka1, A. A. Kondrashov1, A. O. Korzh1, E. M. Burnashov2, K. V. Каrmanov3, O. V. Bass4, V. I. Efremov5, O. I. Ryabkova4

1 Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

2 GBU KO Baltberegozashсhita, Svetlogorsk, Russia

3 Kaliningrad State Technical University, Kaliningrad, Russia

4 Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia

5 LLC Trading House Basalt Pipes, Moscow, Russia

* e-mail: dimandikiy@mail.ru

Abstract

The paper analyzes the effectiveness of a pile breakwater structure Grebenka for coastal protection purposes. From 03.10.2020 to 30.04.2023, full-scale testing of the structure was conducted on the northern shore of the Kaliningrad Oblast near the city of Zelenogradsk between the abrasive and accumulative shore segments. Four breakwater modules were installed in a single line in the groin pocket at a depth of about 2 m offshore of the groin end but did not completely overlap the pocket. One module was installed in the immediate vicinity of the shoreline. The experiment covered several seasons of severe storms, which allowed us to compare the shoreline dynamics at the breakwater installation site and in the neighbouring areas. We carried out regular measurements of the beach width, aerial survey, repeated depth measurement at the installation site and assessed the underwater slope dynamics. We also determined the thickness of the sand cover layer at the structure installation site and placed tilting flow velocity sensors on the breakwater. It was found that the beach width at the breakwater installation site and in adjacent areas was changing synchronously. The absence of an obvious accumulative effect behind the installed breakwater was, first, due to the displacement of the breakwater modules and their partial immersion in the sand and, second, due to the limited line length of the offshore modules in proportion to their distance from the shoreline. A temporary positive effect was achieved only for a solitary module as periodic beach progradation to the root of an old groin adjacent thereto from the east. The results of the full-scale test will be used to further improve the breakwater design.

Keywords

breakwater, shore protection, Baltic Sea, field experiment, beach dynamics, underwater slope dynamics, coastal erosion

Acknowledgments

The experiment in terms of creating and installing the breakwater (as well as conducting part of visual surveys and measurement works in 2022, preparation of flow measuring instruments) was funded entirely by the developer, LLC Trading House Basalt Pipes, Moscow. Expeditionary work to determine long-term changes in the width of the beach, aerial visual surveys 2022-2023, measurement works 2023, underwater survey and determination of the thickness of loose sediment 2022, measurement of currents were carried out with the support of topic no. FMWE-2021-0012, while the analysis of the experiment results and preparation of this article were performed with the support of topic no. FMWE-2024-0025 of the state assignment of the P.P.Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The authors thank the engineering staff of IO RAS and personally A.P. Podufalov, M.I. Nemtsov and Yu.N. Perov for their highly professional contribution to the expedition work.

For citation

Chubarenko, B.V., Dikii, D.I., Domnin, D.A., Zakirov, R.B., Babakov, A.N., Paka, V.T., Kondrashov, A.A., Korzh, A.O., Burnashov, E.M., Каrmanov, K.V., Bass, O.V., Efremov, V.I. and Ryabkova, O.I., 2025. Testing of a Piled (Permeable) Breakwater Made of Composite Materials for Coastal Protection. Part 2. Evaluation of Impact on the Shore State. Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones of Sea, (1), pp. 72–95.

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